Jacek Malczewski (1854–1929) was a renowned Polish painter and one of the most significant figures in Polish Symbolism. Born in Radom, Malczewski studied at the School of Fine Arts in Kraków under the guidance of Jan Matejko, a pivotal influence on his early work. Malczewski's art is characterized by its deep connection to Polish national identity, folklore, and mythology, often infused with symbolic and allegorical elements.

Throughout his career, Malczewski explored themes of patriotism, martyrdom, and the struggles of the Polish people, reflecting the turbulent history of Poland during his lifetime. His works frequently feature rich symbolism, blending realistic portraiture and fantastical elements, which became hallmarks of his style. Paintings like "Melancholia" and "The Poisoned Well" are celebrated for their complex narratives and emotional depth.

In addition to his symbolic and allegorical works, Malczewski was a skilled portraitist, capturing the personalities of his subjects with a keen eye for detail. His contributions to Polish art were not only artistic but also cultural, as he played a significant role in shaping the national identity through his work.